Which is NOT a part of the IPDE process?

The IPDE process is a critical framework used in driver education, consisting of four key steps: Identify, Predict, Decide, and Execute. This systematic approach helps drivers improve their situational awareness and decision-making skills on the road.

Negotiating, although important in the broader context of driving—such as when dealing with traffic situations or interacting with other road users—does not actually fall within the specific steps of the IPDE process. The purpose of the IPDE method is to provide a clear sequence of actions: first identifying potential hazards, then predicting possible outcomes, followed by deciding on the best course of action, and finally executing that decision safely. Because negotiating is not one of the core actions defined by these steps, it is not considered part of the IPDE process. This distinction is essential for developing effective driving habits and ensuring safety on the road.